By Sally Dallagiacomo
On January 3, 2010 Neighborhood Church embarked on a six-week study of The Prodigal God by Timothy Keller. The book is about Jesus’ three parables in Luke 15, with most of the emphasis on the well-known parable “The Prodigal Son.”
Each Sunday for six weeks, Brad taught on Luke 15 and all small groups were encouraged to participate in a group study during the week. If you haven’t read the book, we encourage you to, your eyes will be opened and you will be blessed!
We first learned that the word “prodigal” does not mean wayward but means “recklessly extravagant”, or “having spent everything.” Brad pointed out that this is a story Jesus used to teach. While we should bring in cultural, historical and theological elements to properly understand the story, we should be careful to not add or subtract anything to the story itself through speculation or conjecture.
As we worked through the study guide many things were brought to light about the elder brother. This was not just a story about a younger brother who took his inheritance and squandered it recklessly. It was also about an elder brother who did everything right, and yet both brothers were alienated from God.
Luke tells that there were two groups of people who had come to listen to Jesus. First there were the “tax collectors and sinners” who represented the younger brother, those who did everything wrong. The second group of listeners were the “Pharisees and the teachers of the Law” who represented the elder brother, those who did everything right. The tax collectors and sinners flocked to hear Jesus. The Pharisees and teachers grumbled that Jesus would dare to show grace to these people.
So to whom is Jesus’ teaching directed? It is primarily to the second group, the Scribes and Pharisees. It is in response to their attitude that Jesus begins to tell the parable.
The parable of the two sons takes an extended look at the soul of the elder brother, and climaxes with a powerful plea for him to change his heart. The targets of this story are not “wayward sinners,” but religious people who do everything the Bible requires yet lack a heart for God.
Jesus is pleading not so much with immoral outsiders as with moral insiders. He wants to show them (us) their blindness, narrowness, and self-righteousness, and how these things are destroying both their (our) own souls and the lives of the people around them (us).
The crucial point here is that, in general, religiously observant people were offended by Jesus, but those estranged from religious and moral observance were intrigued and attracted to him. The outcast is the one who connects with Jesus and the elder brother type does not.
Jesus says: “The humble are in and the proud are out” (see Luke 18:14). The people who confess they aren’t particularly good or open-minded are moving toward God, because the prerequisite for receiving the grace of God is to know you need it.
The people who think they are just fine are actually moving away from God. Being an elder-brother/ Pharisee is a more spiritually desperate condition.
It is only when you see that you are really striving to be your own Savior and Lord—lying beneath both your sins and your moral goodness—that you finally come to the verge of understanding the truth of the Gospel and becoming a Christian. When you realize that the antidote to being bad is not just being good, you are on the brink.
If you follow through it will change everything—how you relate to God, self, others, the world, your work, your sins, and your virtue. It’s called the new birth because it’s so radical.
This, however, only brings us to the brink of Jesus message, not to its heart.
By putting a flawed elder brother in the story, Jesus is inviting us to imagine and yearn for a true one. And we have him (Jesus!).
Think of the kind of brother we need. We need one who does not just go to the next country to find us but who will come all the way from heaven to earth.
Either as elder brothers or as younger brothers we have rebelled against the Father. We deserve alienation, and rejection. The point of the parable is that forgiveness always involves a price—someone has to pay. Our true elder brother paid our debt on the cross in our place.
There, Jesus was stripped naked of his robe and dignity so we could be clothed with dignity and standing we don’t deserve. On the cross Jesus was treated as an outcast so we could be brought into God’s family freely by grace. There, Jesus drank the cup of eternal justice so that we might have the cup of the Father’s joy. There was no other way for the heavenly Father to bring us in, except at the expense of our true elder brother.
How can the inner workings of the heart be changed from a dynamic of fear and anger to that of love, joy, and gratitude? Here is how. You need to be moved by the sight of what it cost to bring you home. The key difference between a Pharisee and a believer in Jesus is the state of our heart and our genuine love for and desire for God.
Let’s be a church that loves all people as our brothers and sisters for it will glorify God.